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1. Causes of Carbon Deposits

• Incomplete Combustion: Poor fuel quality, air-fuel ratio imbalance (e.g., clogged air filter), or incorrect ignition timing.
• Prolonged Low-Load Operation: Generators running under low load or idling for extended periods, leading to insufficient combustion chamber temperature.
• Engine Oil Issues: Poor-quality oil or excessive oil entering the combustion chamber (e.g., worn piston rings, aging valve seals).
• Inadequate Maintenance: Failure to regularly replace engine oil, air filters, or spark plugs.

2. Steps for Carbon Deposit Removal

Mechanical Cleaning (Severe Carbon Deposits)

• Disassembly and Cleaning: Dismantle generator components such as the cylinder head, piston, and fuel injectors, and use specialized cleaners or physical scraping to remove deposits.
• Precautions: Should be performed by professionals to avoid damaging cylinder walls or seals.

Chemical Cleaning (Moderate Carbon Deposits)

• Fuel Additives: Add cleaners containing Polyether Amine (PEA) or Polyisobutylene Amine (PIBA) to dissolve deposits through the fuel system.
• Intake System Cleaning: Remove the intake manifold and use spray cleaners to remove deposits from the throttle valve and intake valves.
• Engine Oil System Cleaning: Add a cleaning agent before changing the oil, run the engine for 10-15 minutes, then drain the old oil. 

Non-Disassembly Cleaning (Mild Carbon Deposits)

• Ultrasonic Cleaning: Suitable for small components like fuel injectors and spark plugs.  

3. Key Component Maintenance

• Replace Air Filter: Ensure unobstructed airflow to prevent overly rich fuel mixture.
• Inspect Spark Plugs/Ignition System: Replace spark plugs if heavily fouled and adjust the ignition gap.
• Clean or Replace Fuel Injectors: Ensure proper fuel atomization.
• Check EGR Valve: Carbon buildup in the Exhaust Gas Recirculation valve can worsen combustion; clean it regularly. 

4. Preventive Measures

Use High-Quality Fuel and Engine Oil:

• Choose fuel that meets standards (e.g., low-sulfur diesel or unleaded gasoline).
• Replace engine oil as specified in the manual (fully synthetic oil is recommended).

Avoid Low-Load Operation:

• Periodically run the generator at 70% or higher load for 1-2 hours to raise combustion chamber temperature.

Regular Maintenance:

• Inspect the air filter every 50-100 hours; replace engine oil and oil filter every 200 hours.
• Thoroughly clean the fuel system before long-term storage.

Monitor Operating Conditions:

• Observe exhaust smoke color (black smoke indicates incomplete combustion, blue smoke indicates oil burning).
• Regularly inspect combustion chamber deposits using an endoscope.

5. Special Case Handling

• Turbocharged Generators: Additional checks for turbocharger seals are needed to prevent oil leakage into the combustion chamber.
• Biofuel Generators: Ethanol or biodiesel tends to produce gum deposits, requiring shorter maintenance intervals.